Linguistics
– Syntax and Morphology
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Morphology is the linguistic discipline that deals with word structure, whereas syntax deals with sentence structure. Together, they describe how morphemes combine into words, which combine into phrases, which combine into sentences.
Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units in a word. There are root morphemes, which have an inherent, lexical meaning (e.g. bake), and there are affixes, which are usually very short and have a functional meaning (e.g. 3rd-person-s). Take a look at the following words:
- trees
- unhappy
- eats
- discolouration
- releasing
Can you identify all the morphemes and their functions in them?
trees
unhappy
eats
discolouration
releasing
root morpheme;
plural affix
negation affix;
root morpheme
root morpheme;
affix for 3rd person singular present tense
negation affix;
root morpheme;
nominalization affix
affix;
root morpheme;
present participle affix